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Democracy & Reform

Policy Analysis on Democracy & Reform

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Iran Air passenger plane undergoing maintenance
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Aviation Accidents Aren’t Caused by U.S. Sanctions
President Raisi’s fatal crash put a spotlight on the dire state of aviation safety in Iran, but the regime’s gross mismanagement and corrupt profiteering are to blame, not foreign sanctions.
Jun 5, 2024
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  • Farzin Nadimi
A campaign poster with an image of Majlis speaker Muhammad Baqer Qalibaf on display in Tehran's Azadi Square - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Most of Iran’s Latest Presidential Aspirants Have a Domestic Background
Few of the prospective candidates have shown much interest in or talent for national security affairs, and none has articulated a vision for tamping down Iran’s aggression at home or abroad.
Jun 4, 2024
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  • Patrick Clawson
Photo of Palestinian workers awaiting entry into Israel from Gaza.
Brief Analysis
West Bank Economics Are Key to Stabilizing the Palestinian Authority—or Forcing Its Collapse
If implemented in full, Israel’s latest tax, banking, and victim-compensation measures could bring the West Bank’s two decades of relative stability crashing down—along with any plans to have the PA play a postwar role in Gaza.
May 31, 2024
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  • Neomi Neumann
Imed Khemiri, a senior official in the Ennahda party and member of the Salvation Front (L) takes part in a protest, demanding the release of imprisoned journalists, activists, opposition figures and setting a date for fair presidential elections in Tunis, Tunisia May 12, 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Beyond the Ballot Box: U.S. Priorities in North Africa’s 2024 Elections
By recognizing the limits of electoral processes in countries like Algeria, Libya, and Tunisia, Washington can focus more on addressing economic, social, and institutional challenges, managing regional dynamics, and engaging strategically with global competitors.
May 30, 2024
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  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Amine Ghoulidi
Turkish President Erdogan and Iraqi Prime Minister al-Sudani meet in Baghdad in April 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
The Iraq-Turkey Reset
From water rights to PKK violence, a recent summit seemed to remove several long-festering thorns from the bilateral relationship, creating potential challenges and benefits alike for U.S. interests in Iraq and beyond.
May 29, 2024
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  • Soner Cagaptay
  • Selin Uysal
  • Bilal Wahab
Map of North Africa framed by U.S., Chinese, and Russian flags
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
North Africa in an Era of Great Power Competition:
Challenges and Opportunities for the United States
Washington can demonstrate its decisive edge in areas like climate change remediation and economic development, while highlighting the many dangers posed by partnership with Russia and China.
May 29, 2024
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  • Anna Borshchevskaya
  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Ben Fishman
  • Sabina Henneberg
  • Grant Rumley
Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamanei, gestures while speaking
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Emergency Election Will Signal Khamenei’s Intentions
As in past elections, the contest to determine a replacement for the late President Raisi will be less about the people’s choice and more about what direction the Supreme Leader wants the Islamic Republic to go.
May 22, 2024
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  • Patrick Clawson
Articles & Testimony
Can Hamas Be Defeated?
Although the group’s ideology will persist, the tools used to advance it can be effectively constrained through measures that turn a major threat into a marginal irritant.
May 21, 2024
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  • Ghaith al-Omari
UNIFIL peacekeepers in Lebanon in front of a poster depicting Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
An Israel-Lebanon Agreement May Not Be Worth the Costs
The lesson from past deals involving Hezbollah is clear: the group will try to pocket any U.S. concessions on the presidency and other issues while simply jettisoning whatever border commitments it may make in return.
May 14, 2024
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  • David Schenker
A student protester holds a sign reading "Globalize the Intifada" at Columbia University in New York City - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
I Attended Columbia University—I Don’t Recognize It Today
Administrators should do more to help students critically assess the barrage of disinformation they are subjected to outside the classroom—while also punishing those who clearly violate the institution’s policies and core values.
May 2, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman
Moroccan Parliament
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Ongoing Debates over Water and Electricity Privatization in Morocco
The implementation of the privatization project of the water and electricity sector will fundamentally alter the way in which essential services are provide to Moroccan citizens.
May 1, 2024
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  • Soufiane Elgoumri
CHP rally, Istanbul
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Rise and Fall of the AKP’s Islamist Appeal in Türkiye
Türkiye’s latest elections have allowed the YRP to demonstrate success in certain areas of President Erdogan’s traditional, pious base in Türkiye, emphasizing the waning power of Erdogan’s political message after his shift away from ideologically guided politics.
Apr 22, 2024
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  • Mustafa Gül
Iraqi prime minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani in 2022 - source: Wikimedia Commons
Brief Analysis
What Biden and Sudani Need to Start the Next Chapter of U.S.-Iraq Relations
To move beyond the years-long focus on Iran and the Islamic State, both leaders must commit to actions that set the table for a mutually beneficial relationship and convince skeptical domestic constituencies.
Apr 11, 2024
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  • Dana Stroul
  • Bilal Wahab
Iraqi flag
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
The Federal Supreme Court’s Role in Iraq’s Eroding Democracy
Iraq is in real danger of losing its checks and balances and failing as a constitutional democracy due to the rapid collapse of a separation of powers.
Apr 1, 2024
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  • Hemin Hawrami
Flag of KRG
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
A House Divided: Can Kurdistan Preserve Its Autonomy?
The KRG’s autonomy hangs in the balance, caught in a pincer movement between internal political discord and a history of externally imposed limitations. The recent court rulings are merely the latest blow, further restricting the KRG’s ability to govern itself.
Mar 27, 2024
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  • Ruwayda Mustafah
Brief Analysis
Istanbul Election Will Shape Erdogan’s Policy Trajectory
If the president’s faction takes the city back from the opposition on March 31, he may feel comfortable enough to focus on more positive legacy-building steps, but a loss could see him double down on nativist and populist policies at home and abroad.
Mar 22, 2024
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  • Soner Cagaptay
Libyan flags, Tripoli
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
A Libyan Solution to a Libyan Challenge
Perhaps now is the time for the United Nations to step back. It is also time for our leaders, from East and West, to recognize that a joint way forward is possible.
Mar 14, 2024
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  • Moin Kikhia
Ballot box in Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Between Power Sharing and Power Consolidation: The Impact of Iraq’s Provincial Elections Results
The Coalition Framework’s overall electoral successes in Iraq’s provincial elections is playing out in governor appointment decisions across much of the country, including in Baghdad and Basra. The ongoing competition in Kirkuk, however, highlights just how complicated power-sharing dynamics can become.
Mar 7, 2024
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  • Shimaa Ali
Syria rally in Berlin
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
With the Gaza War, the Possibility of a Syrian Transition Is Even More Remote
Syrians inside the country and in refugee states await a true miracle, especially with their cause becoming highly internationalized and overshadowed by global events like the Gaza war.
Mar 7, 2024
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  • Bassam Alahmad
Brief Analysis
The IMF and UAE Swoop In to Ease Egypt’s Economic Crisis
Cairo’s main lender and top Gulf donor have come to the rescue once again, offering major loans, investments, and Central Bank transfers that could halt the country’s latest slide despite short-term consumer pain.
Mar 7, 2024
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  • Ben Fishman

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Supported by the

Project Fikra: Defeating Extremism through the Power of Ideas

Fikra n. [Arabic] "Idea"

The Washington Institute's Project Fikra is a multiyear program of research, publication, and network-building designed to generate policy ideas for promoting positive change and countering the spread of extremism in the Middle East.

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Featured experts

Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland
Catherine Cleveland is The Washington Institute's Croft-Wagner Family Senior Fellow and managing editor of Fikra Forum.
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman
Ben Fishman is the Steven D. Levy Senior Fellow in the Linda and Tony Rubin Program on Arab Politics at The Washington Institute, where he focuses on North Africa.
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