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Turkish President Erdogan and Iraqi Prime Minister al-Sudani meet in Baghdad in April 2024 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
The Iraq-Turkey Reset
From water rights to PKK violence, a recent summit seemed to remove several long-festering thorns from the bilateral relationship, creating potential challenges and benefits alike for U.S. interests in Iraq and beyond.
May 29, 2024
◆
  • Soner Cagaptay
  • Selin Uysal
  • Bilal Wahab
A Houthi propaganda image published by the group's al-Masirah TV network.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Assessing the Latest Houthi Maritime Threats
Even increased aggressive activity in the Indian Ocean will be unlikely to seriously disrupt maritime traffic and global trade—but vessels calling on Israeli ports will need to take extra precautions.
May 16, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Farzin Nadimi
◆ Maritime Spotlight
Development in Baghdad
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Iraq’s Missed Development Pathway Highlights the Necessity of Unpopular Economic Reforms
Institutional limitations, fiscal challenges, endemic corruption, and governance shortcomings present formidable barriers to developmental pursuits.
May 8, 2024
◆
  • Mohammed Hussein
Turkish
Brief Analysis
Will Turkey Cut Ties with Israel?
Although the latest rift is more than rhetorical, Ankara is unlikely to sever ties completely—unless Israel blocks it from participating in Gaza’s reconstruction.
May 8, 2024
◆
  • Soner Cagaptay
The car carrier Hyperion Ray (IMO 9690559) was struck near Fujairah, UAE, in April 2021. The ship was owned by Israel-based Ray Shipping Ltd when it was attacked. Photo credit: Rick Voice via MarineTraffic.com.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Pay Attention to Ship Seizures, Not Threats to Close Strait of Hormuz
Low-key actions like seizures can increase regional and global concerns and increase Iran's leverage.
Apr 29, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Farzin Nadimi
◆ Maritime Spotlight
Oil tanker near Basra port, Iraq
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Addressing Human Resource and Development Concerns in Iraq’s Oil and Gas Sector
Many of the necessary reforms start with placing the institution in a competitive position internationally and allowing for decisions that maximize financial returns for the good of the Iraqi people, not individuals hoping to promote their own interests.
Apr 26, 2024
◆
  • Muhammed Abed Mazeel al-Aboudi
Brief Analysis
Nuclear Gloss to Pakistan’s Diplomacy with Iran and Saudi Arabia
Multiple high-level visits suggest economic desperation mixed with strategic—and possibly nuclear—opportunism.
Apr 25, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson
The national flag of Malaysia - source: World Bank
Brief Analysis
The Malaysia-Iran-Israel Triangle Amid the Gaza War
Kuala Lumpur is once again displaying its willingness to facilitate Iran’s illicit activity, support Hamas, and amplify anti-Israel rhetoric well beyond what its neighbors have countenanced.
Apr 25, 2024
◆
  • Rebecca Redlich
The container ship Jin Shun He (IMO 9144316) docked at the port of NEOM in Oxagon. Photo credit: Photo credit: @NEOMOxagon, posted on X (formerly Twitter), April 15, 2024, https://u6bg.roads-uae.com/NEOMOxagon/status/1779799779230302424. .
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
Amid Red Sea Crisis, Saudi Company Launches North Shipping Service
Riyadh’s aim to become a global logistics hub connecting three continents will face challenges if risks to southern Red Sea shipping persist at their current levels.
Apr 20, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Farzin Nadimi
◆ Maritime Spotlight
President Joe Biden walks past flags of the member states at a G20 meeting - source: The White House
Brief Analysis
Coordinated Iran Sanctions Require Coordinated Enforcement
Following the attack on Israel, world leaders seek to build a coalition of the willing to hold Tehran accountable for its malign activities—though sanctions won’t have their intended effect unless partners cooperate on robust enforcement as well.
Apr 19, 2024
◆
  • Matthew Levitt
Iraqi prime minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani in 2022 - source: Wikimedia Commons
Brief Analysis
What Biden and Sudani Need to Start the Next Chapter of U.S.-Iraq Relations
To move beyond the years-long focus on Iran and the Islamic State, both leaders must commit to actions that set the table for a mutually beneficial relationship and convince skeptical domestic constituencies.
Apr 11, 2024
◆
  • Dana Stroul
  • Bilal Wahab
Photo of Chinese and Emirati leaders walking.
Brief Analysis
G42 and the China-UAE-U.S. Triangle
By sharing very specific concerns directly with the United Arab Emirates, the White House and Congress were rewarded with tangible action on a key company’s ties to Beijing—though more such engagement is needed to keep regional partners aware of U.S. risk tolerance.
Apr 3, 2024
◆
  • Andrew G. Clemmensen
  • Rebecca Redlich
  • Grant Rumley
Brief Analysis
The IMF and UAE Swoop In to Ease Egypt’s Economic Crisis
Cairo’s main lender and top Gulf donor have come to the rescue once again, offering major loans, investments, and Central Bank transfers that could halt the country’s latest slide despite short-term consumer pain.
Mar 7, 2024
◆
  • Ben Fishman
Energean's floating production unit, FPSO, is seen offshore Israel in the eastern Mediterranean in June 2022 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Israeli Gas Field Near Lebanon Starts Production
The floating storage vessel anchored above the offshore field could be a tempting target for Hezbollah.
Mar 4, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson
The Houthis and the Red Sea video thumbnail image
Video
Articles & Testimony
The Houthis and the Red Sea
In this timely new video, Washington Institute scholars discuss the pre-Gaza predecessors of the latest attack campaign, its widening repercussions on trade, and what will be required to halt it militarily.
Feb 27, 2024
◆
  • Noam Raydan
  • Michael Knights
Excerpt from a map of EU maritime missions in the Middle East.
Brief Analysis
The EU’s New Red Sea Naval Mission: Implications and Challenges
The operation is a sign of Europe’s willingness to take action against the current instability, though significant work is needed to coordinate with existing initiatives and convince regional officials of the mission’s usefulness.
Feb 16, 2024
◆
  • Selin Uysal
Sulaymaniyah, KRI
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Taking Advantage of a Window of Opportunity in the KRG-Baghdad Gas Standoff
By outlining a strategy in the north of Iraq, a vision regarding reconciliation and a constructive settlement of differences between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Federal Government of Iraq in relation to the management of energy resources in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq can emerge.
Feb 16, 2024
◆
  • Muhammed Abed Mazeel al-Aboudi
Italian PM Giorgia Meloni
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Italy-Africa Summit 2024: A Facade of Partnership?
While Rome is attempting to position itself to serve as a gateway into European markets for natural gas from Africa, the “Mattei Plan” is opaque about what Africa would gain from this plan.
Feb 9, 2024
◆
  • Ghazi Ben Ahmed
  • Andrea Cellino
A Houthi fighter aboard the seized cargo vessel Galaxy Leader - source: Houthi media via Reuters
Video
Brief Analysis
Countering the Houthi Threat to Shipping: Regional Implications and U.S. Policy
Three experts address the thorny strategic questions arising from attacks on global shipping by the Yemen-based group.
Feb 6, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson
  • Michael Knights
  • Noam Raydan
Saudi ARAMCO oil storage facility
Brief Analysis
Saudi Arabia’s Shock Cut in Planned Oil Expansion
The decision could lead to further spending reductions in the kingdom.
Feb 5, 2024
◆
  • Simon Henderson

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson is the Morningstar Senior Fellow and Research Counselor at The Washington Institute.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker Senior Fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Henry Rome
Henry Rome
Henry Rome was a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.
Michael Singh
Michael Singh
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
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