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Israel

Policy Analysis on Israel

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Brief Analysis
Short-Lived U.S.-Hamas Talks Are a Cautionary Tale for Washington and Jerusalem
To maintain pressure on Hamas and preserve U.S. deterrence at a sensitive point in Gaza discussions, the Trump administration needs to lock in its diplomatic coordination and public messaging with Israel.
Mar 11, 2025
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  • David Makovsky
An F35A fighter on a night-training mission at dusk
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Attacking Iran's Nuclear Program:
The Complex Calculus of Preventive Action
Should a negotiated deal prove elusive, policymakers will need to consider how to define a successful strike, Iran’s potential responses, and whether a strategy of prevention can be sustained.
Mar 11, 2025
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  • Michael Eisenstadt
Articles & Testimony
Gaza: From Red to Blue
A “four-zone” reconstruction plan could win Arab, Israeli, and U.S. support while avoiding mass relocations out of Gaza.
Feb 28, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Assaf Orion
A Palestinian man in Gaza releases pigeons
Articles & Testimony
Why Israel Should Keep Open the Possibility of Palestinian Statehood
The supposed “status quo” that some commentators are pushing Israel to embrace is so disfigured and hollowed out that it no longer meets the definition of the phrase.
Feb 24, 2025
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  • Robert Satloff
Syrian men attempt to repair electrical lines damaged by forces loyal to the Assad regime in 2013 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Does Syria’s Electricity Crisis Have an Israeli Solution?
Whether authorities call it “Egyptian gas” or “Jordanian gas,” the simple fact is that Israeli offshore supplies could help with Syria’s major power shortage if the necessary arrangements are ironed out.
Feb 24, 2025
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  • Simon Henderson
Photo of Shia women returning to their war-damaged village in south Lebanon.
Video
Brief Analysis
Next Steps in Lebanon: From Ceasefire Extensions to Government Formation
Former military officials and experts from Lebanon and Israel discuss how Beirut’s unsettled political dynamics might affect ongoing implementation of the ceasefire and future peacebuilding efforts.
Feb 14, 2025
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  • Fadi Daoud
  • Makram Rabah
  • Efraim Defrin
  • Assaf Orion
Protesters in New York City demand the release of U.S. citizens held hostage by Hamas in Gaza - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Trump Gives a Green Light to Resume Fighting in Gaza—But Does Netanyahu Want to Do It Now?
A hostage ultimatum from Washington seemed to provide Netanyahu with the freedom of action he wanted, but Israeli domestic realities may not allow him to break the ceasefire just yet.
Feb 11, 2025
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  • David Makovsky
Brief Analysis
How Trump, Arab Leaders, and Israel Can Close the Gaps on Gaza
Despite its risks for regional stability and U.S. policy, the president’s Gaza proposal has put this issue at the top of the priority list.
Feb 7, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Dana Stroul
A view of a Palestinian neighborhood reduced to rubble in Gaza - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
Criticizing Trump Isn’t Enough. Arab Leaders Need a Counterproposal
Moving forward with an alternative Gaza plan may not be the president’s first choice, but he could at least take credit for getting Arab states to take action.
Feb 6, 2025
◆
  • Dennis Ross
Video
Brief Analysis
Netanyahu Visits Washington: Implications for Regional Diplomacy and Security
Israeli and U.S. experts discuss the agenda for the prime minister’s latest U.S. trip and the regional fallout from President Trump’s highly controversial ideas on “relocating” Gaza’s population.
Feb 5, 2025
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  • Mira Resnick
  • Amos Harel
  • David Makovsky
Aerial view of the site of an Israeli-Hamas prisoner-hostage swap in Gaza in January 2025 - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Path to a Transformed Middle East: How to Keep the Peace in Gaza While Countering Iran
Very close allied coordination will be needed to strike the right balance between pursuing viable nuclear diplomacy and giving Israel the weapons and support it needs to use force against Iran if necessary.
Feb 3, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • David Makovsky
Brief Analysis
From October 7 to the Gaza Ceasefire: A Changed Middle East Awaits the Trump Administration
Important strategic changes abound in the region, but policymakers should take care not to underestimate the persistence of old challenges or the potential emergence of new threats.
Jan 31, 2025
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  • Neomi Neumann
Cover for Iran Transition Note, with images of a pen with U.S. flag, a B-52 bomber, nuclear symbols, and Iranian flag + map.
Maps & Graphics
In-Depth Reports
Policy Steps to Prevent a Nuclear Iran
Rather than choosing between diplomacy and military action, the Trump administration should think of these options as mutually supportive, sequencing its actions in hopes of achieving the best and least costly outcome.
Jan 28, 2025
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  • Michael Singh
◆ Transition Notes 2025
Map released as part of the November 2024 Israel-Lebanon ceasefire.
Maps & Graphics
Brief Analysis
So Far So Good? The Israel-Lebanon Ceasefire Is Largely Holding
The agreement’s implementation phase is going surprisingly well and has been extended, but maintaining the ceasefire will require officials to resolve the issues in dispute and address Hezbollah’s threats.
Jan 28, 2025
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  • Assaf Orion
A damaged UNRWA building in Gaza City.
Brief Analysis
Brinkmanship Over Israel’s Ban on UNRWA
Rather than using the months since the passage of new laws as an opportunity to agree on a more gradual implementation plan and identify alternatives to the controversial relief agency, the parties have simply dug in their heels.
Jan 28, 2025
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  • David Makovsky
A Houthi helicopter approaches a civilian cargo ship in the Red Sea in 2023 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Despite the Houthi Pledge to Limit Attacks, the Red Sea Remains Highly Volatile
The Houthis have shown little willingness or ability to accurately distinguish between the ships they target, leaving Washington and its partners with no choice but to doubt the group’s supposed “ceasefire” and keep up the pressure.
Jan 27, 2025
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  • Noam Raydan
  • Farzin Nadimi
Articles & Testimony
Hamas May Be Cheering, But It Is Writhing in Pain
All the talk of Hamas emerging from the war with the upper hand contradicts the realities on the ground, where the group has lost its military capabilities, has no hope of substantial outside help, and has failed to ignite the West Bank.
Jan 26, 2025
◆
  • Ehud Yaari
Brief Analysis
Opening the Floodgates: The Gaza Deal and Trump’s Presidency
The ceasefire is already shaking up Israel’s politics and high command; prompt, well-coordinated action with Washington could help counter threats on several external fronts as well.
Jan 24, 2025
◆
  • Assaf Orion
A photo of Palestinians watching President Biden's announcement of the Gaza ceasefire deal, January 2025.
Video
Brief Analysis
Gaza Ceasefire: Implications for Israel, Hamas, and U.S. Policy
Former Israeli and U.S. officials discuss the deal’s timing, provisions, and near-term prospects, outlining the Trump administration’s practical options for advancing peace in Gaza and beyond.
Jan 22, 2025
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  • Dennis Ross
  • Matthew Levitt
  • Neomi Neumann
A Palestinian views a building reduced to rubble in Gaza - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
What the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire in Gaza Means for the Middle East
Netanyahu likely wanted to start off on a good foot with Trump—not just out of fear, but because Israel has its eyes on a much wider allied agenda in the region.
Jan 17, 2025
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  • David Makovsky

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Featured experts

David Makovsky
David Makovsky
David Makovsky is the Ziegler Distinguished Fellow at The Washington Institute and director of the Koret Project on Arab-Israel Relations.
Ambassador Dennis Ross
Dennis Ross
Dennis Ross, a former special assistant to President Barack Obama, is the counselor and William Davidson Distinguished Fellow at The Washington Institute.
Ehud Yaari
Ehud Yaari is the Lafer International Fellow at The Washington Institute.
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